Medieval Sunset and Modern Sunrise, 1305–1517
The Renaissance
Biblical Humanist
Humanism is a rational philosophy informed by science, inspired by art, and motivated by compassion. Affirming the dignity of each human being, it supports the maximization of individual liberty and opportunity consonant with social and planetary responsibility. It advocates the extension of participatory democracy and the expansion of the open society, standing for human rights and social justice. Free of supernaturalism, it recognizes human beings as a part of nature and holds that values-be they religious, ethical, social, or political-have their source in human experience and culture. Humanism thus derives the goals of life from human need and interest rather than from theological or ideological abstractions, and asserts that humanity must take responsibility for its own destiny.
– The Humanist Magazine —https://americanhumanist.org/what-is-humanism/definition-of-humanism/
THE RISE OF THE NATION-STATES AND THE MIDDLE CLASS
THE GREEK ORTHODOX CHURCH, 1305–1517
Bibliography
Cairns, Earle E. Christianity through the Centuries: A History of the Christian Church. Third Edition, Revised and Expanded. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1996.
https://www.history.com/topics/renaissance/italian-renaissance
https://americanhumanist.org/what-is-humanism/definition-of-humanism/