A Beautiful and Good Advocate | 1 Samuel 25

1 Samuel 25:1-39 (ESV)
Now Samuel died. And all Israel assembled and mourned for him, and they buried him in his house at Ramah.

Then David rose and went down to the wilderness of Paran. 2 And there was a man in Maon whose business was in Carmel. The man was very rich; he had three thousand sheep and a thousand goats. He was shearing his sheep in Carmel. 3 Now the name of the man was Nabal, and the name of his wife Abigail. The woman was discerning and beautiful, but the man was harsh and badly behaved; he was a Calebite. 4 David heard in the wilderness that Nabal was shearing his sheep. 5 So David sent ten young men. And David said to the young men, “Go up to Carmel, and go to Nabal and greet him in my name. 6 And thus you shall greet him: ‘Peace be to you, and peace be to your house, and peace be to all that you have. 7 I hear that you have shearers. Now your shepherds have been with us, and we did them no harm, and they missed nothing all the time they were in Carmel. 8 Ask your young men, and they will tell you. Therefore let my young men find favor in your eyes, for we come on a feast day. Please give whatever you have at hand to your servants and to your son David.’”

9 When David’s young men came, they said all this to Nabal in the name of David, and then they waited. 10 And Nabal answered David’s servants, “Who is David? Who is the son of Jesse? There are many servants these days who are breaking away from their masters. 11 Shall I take my bread and my water and my meat that I have killed for my shearers and give it to men who come from I do not know where?” 12 So David’s young men turned away and came back and told him all this. 13 And David said to his men, “Every man strap on his sword!” And every man of them strapped on his sword. David also strapped on his sword. And about four hundred men went up after David, while two hundred remained with the baggage.

14 But one of the young men told Abigail, Nabal’s wife, “Behold, David sent messengers out of the wilderness to greet our master, and he railed at them. 15 Yet the men were very good to us, and we suffered no harm, and we did not miss anything when we were in the fields, as long as we went with them. 16 They were a wall to us both by night and by day, all the while we were with them keeping the sheep. 17 Now therefore know this and consider what you should do, for harm is determined against our master and against all his house, and he is such a worthless man that one cannot speak to him.”

18 Then Abigail made haste and took two hundred loaves and two skins of wine and five sheep already prepared and five seahs[a] of parched grain and a hundred clusters of raisins and two hundred cakes of figs, and laid them on donkeys. 19 And she said to her young men, “Go on before me; behold, I come after you.” But she did not tell her husband Nabal. 20 And as she rode on the donkey and came down under cover of the mountain, behold, David and his men came down toward her, and she met them. 21 Now David had said, “Surely in vain have I guarded all that this fellow has in the wilderness, so that nothing was missed of all that belonged to him, and he has returned me evil for good. 22 God do so to the enemies of David[b] and more also, if by morning I leave so much as one male of all who belong to him.”

23 When Abigail saw David, she hurried and got down from the donkey and fell before David on her face and bowed to the ground. 24 She fell at his feet and said, “On me alone, my lord, be the guilt. Please let your servant speak in your ears, and hear the words of your servant. 25 Let not my lord regard this worthless fellow, Nabal, for as his name is, so is he. Nabal[c] is his name, and folly is with him. But I your servant did not see the young men of my lord, whom you sent. 26 Now then, my lord, as the Lord lives, and as your soul lives, because the Lord has restrained you from bloodguilt and from saving with your own hand, now then let your enemies and those who seek to do evil to my lord be as Nabal. 27 And now let this present that your servant has brought to my lord be given to the young men who follow my lord. 28 Please forgive the trespass of your servant. For the Lord will certainly make my lord a sure house, because my lord is fighting the battles of the Lord, and evil shall not be found in you so long as you live. 29 If men rise up to pursue you and to seek your life, the life of my lord shall be bound in the bundle of the living in the care of the Lord your God. And the lives of your enemies he shall sling out as from the hollow of a sling. 30 And when the Lord has done to my lord according to all the good that he has spoken concerning you and has appointed you prince[d] over Israel, 31 my lord shall have no cause of grief or pangs of conscience for having shed blood without cause or for my lord working salvation himself. And when the Lord has dealt well with my lord, then remember your servant.”

32 And David said to Abigail, “Blessed be the Lord, the God of Israel, who sent you this day to meet me! 33 Blessed be your discretion, and blessed be you, who have kept me this day from bloodguilt and from working salvation with my own hand! 34 For as surely as the Lord, the God of Israel, lives, who has restrained me from hurting you, unless you had hurried and come to meet me, truly by morning there had not been left to Nabal so much as one male.” 35 Then David received from her hand what she had brought him. And he said to her, “Go up in peace to your house. See, I have obeyed your voice, and I have granted your petition.”

36 And Abigail came to Nabal, and behold, he was holding a feast in his house, like the feast of a king. And Nabal’s heart was merry within him, for he was very drunk. So she told him nothing at all until the morning light. 37 In the morning, when the wine had gone out of Nabal, his wife told him these things, and his heart died within him, and he became as a stone. 38 And about ten days later the Lord struck Nabal, and he died.

39 When David heard that Nabal was dead, he said, “Blessed be the Lord who has avenged the insult I received at the hand of Nabal, and has kept back his servant from wrongdoing. The Lord has returned the evil of Nabal on his own head.” Then David sent and spoke to Abigail, to take her as his wife.

What We Are Not Talking About:
David’s political power base
names as identities
crude words for men

Nabal: a rich fool who acts like a king

a Proverbial “fool” – stupid morally and mentally

“harsh and badly behaved”
“hard and evil”
“surly and mean”

“Who is David? Who is the son of Jesse? There are many servants these days who are breaking away from their masters. Shall I take my bread and my water and my meat that I have killed for my shearers and give it to men who come from I do not know where?”

Will David become a “taker”?

Who is David’s true target?

Where do you vent your frustration with the Lord, with life?
Who is your target?

“discerning and beautiful”
“intelligent and beautiful”
“good of understanding and beauteous of form”
Abigail = “my father is joy”

“on me alone be the guilt”

“the life of my lord shall be bound in the bundle of the living in the care of the Lord your God”
“the lives of your enemies he shall sling out as from the hollow of a sling”

Verse 26: “bloodguilt” and “saving with your own hand”
Verse 31: “having shed blood without cause” and “working salvation himself”

Abigal is a “type” of Christ
“Type of Christ” = something or someone in the Old Testament placed there by God in part for the purpose of foreshadowing something about Jesus

Community Group Discussion Questions

In I Samuel 25, either Nabal or David or both can be seen as playing the same role as Saul. David refuses to harm Saul in Chapters 24 and 26. But in Chapter 25, David is more than willing to harm Nabal. Do you ever “take out your frustration” on a substitute or stand in? Who is your real target in those instances? What is your real heart issue?
Has a situation or someone close to you—or even the Lord—failed to meet your expectations in any way? Do you believe you deserve better from that situation or person or from the Lord? What does your answer reveal about your heart?
What does it look like when we “save with our own hand” or “work salvation for ourselves”?
Have you experienced a tension in your life between waiting and acting? How do you discern when you are called to wait to see what the Lord is doing, without inserting yourself and striving to control the outcome, and when you are called to act, as part of God’s will in a given situation?
Do you have an overarching fear in your life, such as a fear of losing someone close to you or failing in some area of your life? What does your identity in Christ say about that fear?
In Abigail’s speech, we see the Lord’s sovereignty, encouragement, and rebuke, all in one. Has there been a time when the Lord worked that way in your life too? Working for your good, even when you didn’t see it? Reminding you of His promises? Rebuking you when you forget who you have been called to be?
Has there been a time in your life when you wanted to “take care of” someone else’s guilt and sin yourself, like David wanted to do in the case of Nabal’s guilt and sin against David? Or has there been a time when you wanted to “take matters into your own hands,” controlling your own destiny rather than trusting in the Word of Yahweh? Did the Lord tell you “no” in that instance? If so, how did He tell you that? Through another person? Scripture? Something else?
What do you think would happen if you took a legitimate frustration, a legitimate desire for justice, or a real wrong against you, and intentionally turned your anger away from the cause of the frustration or wound, and placed it on Jesus instead?
One difference between David and Nabal, and between David and Saul, is that David was willing to recognize and accept grace for what it was. Neither Nabal nor Saul could. Are there areas in your life where you struggle to accept God’s grace and goodness for yourself? For someone else? Why do you think that’s hard for you?