Isaiah 4:1-5:7

4:2 | Branch is typically a reference to the Messiah (Jer. 23:5; 33:15; Zech. 3:8; 6:12).

4:3 | God would leave a remnant of believers as He had promised.

4:5 | The cloud and smoke by day and the shining of a flaming fire by night recall Yahweh’s protective, guiding presence at the Red Sea and during the wilderness wanderings (Ex. 13:20-22; Num. 9:15-23). God’s mighty acts of redemption and faithfulness to His people in the past provide hope that He will act in a similar way in the future.