The cross is the true mark of discipleship.

Galatians 6:11–13

An amanuensis—a scribal assistant who writes down what someone dictates.

Judaizers want to boast in their flesh and force others to do the same. There is a bit of irony here, while they try to force the Gentile believers to be circumcised, Jesus will not force them to carry the cross (they refuse to suffer for the cross).

Legalism is a man-made standard that desires others to conform to a cerrtain pattern of human holiness.

Galatians 6:14–18

The cross was the inglorious vehicle used by the Romans to destroy the flesh.
The cross is the vitorious chariot used by God to destroy our flesh.

The term “World” does not mean round globe, nations, or peoples, but what Paul mentioned in Galatisn 1:4—the present evil age.

The world is the human/social interactions marked as evil, characterized by sin, and bent on rebelling against God.

New creation=born again, second birth, new life (2 Corinthians 5:17ff).

The Israel of God is tricky, many say Paul means ethnic believing Jews. But that doesn’t make sense here since he has gone to great lengths to show that in Christ there is neither Jew nor Gentile. Instead, what seems more likely is that those who have the faith of Abraham are now considered his chirldren (Gal 3:29), and are heirs with Christ, belonging to the new, spiritual Israel. This is not to say that God does not have a redeeming plan for national Israel, as Paul describes in Romans 11.

Jesus is Lord is the Christian confession. This is more than just a title as master or boss. Jesus is Lord=Jesus is God. The word for Lord here is the same word used for God’s covenant name “YHWH” all throughout the Greek Old Testament. It is the true confession and necessary for salvation (Romans 10:9).