by God’s discipline. (7-8) – “God prepared a worm, and it so damaged the plant that it withered…God prepared a vehement east wind; and the sun beat on Jonah’s head, so that he grew faint”
by God’s voice. (9-11) – “You have had pity on the plant for which you have not labored…should I not pity Nineveh, that great city, in which are more than one hundred and twenty thousand persons”